Positively worded items are reverse scored, and the ratings are summed, with higher scores indicating more perceived stress. Aug 11, 2011 there are three popular tools for measuring perceived stress. The perceived stress scale pss is a popular instrument measuring the extent to which individuals perceive situations in their life as excessive relative to the ability to cope. Scales laboratory for the study of stress, immunity, and. Perceived stress scale pss is a selfreported instrument with 10 items, which is widely used psychological instrument for measuring the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful cohen et al, 1983. In each case, you will be asked to indicate how often you felt or thought a certain way. Association of, perceived stress and substance use disorders. Thus, the purposes of this representative study were to psychometrically evaluate the pss10, and to provide norm values for the german population. Perceived stress scale how is perceived stress scale. Apr 10, 2014 the aim of this study was to analyze the cultural adaptation of the european spanish version of the perceived stress scale pss. Perceived stress reflects a persons feeling of how much stress the individual is under at a given time.
Although some of the questions are similar, there are differences between them and. In general, subjects under high levels of perceived stress will have increased hpa activation. However, few studies have presented normative data from large samples, and there do not appear to be any studies of the pss that provide normative data based on large samples for mexico. Clinical stress assessment using a visual analogue scale. Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale. The perceived stress scale and hpa assessment biohealth. The questions in this scale ask about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. Review of the psychometric evidence of the perceived stress scale article pdf available in asian nursing research 64. Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale in ethiopian. Simply explain that high stress impacts health and encourage the respondent to share any connections she sees to her health and the score dont wait until sphere data entry to score perceived stress scale, pss value to families.
One of the most widely used scales for the evaluation of stress is the perceived stress scale pss, and it has been adapted into different languages. The perceived stress scale pss measures psychological stress associated with sex, age, education, income, employment status, and a. Among these, pss is the most widely used such as in studies assessing stressfulness of events, physical and psychiatric diseases and stress management programs 614. Your score on this test will help us determine how likely it is that mental and emotional stress are contributing to your condition. It is a measure of the degree to which situations in ones life are. Psychometric analysis of the tenitem perceived stress scale. Psychometric properties of a korean version of the perceived.
If you are a student, a teacher, or are otherwise using the perceived stress scale pss. It is a selfreported questionnaire that was designed to measure the degree to which individuals appraise situations in their lives as stressful cohen et al. The higher the degree and longer the duration of selfperceived stress, indicated by a higher. Validation of bengali perceived stress scale among lgbt. The tool, while originally developed in 1983, remains a popular choice for helping us understand how different situations affect our feelings and our perceived stress. Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale pss.
The pss scale is reprinted with permission of the american sociological association, from cohen, s. May 23, 2016 the perceived stress scale cohen j health soc behav 24. Using a random sample of students, internal consistency was analyzed and the factor structure of the spanish version of the pss was compared with. P erceived stress scale pss14 created by sheldon cohen. Scores range from 056, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress.
We have not collected psychometrics on other time periods. Further psychometric support for the 10item version of the. Perceived stress scale an overview sciencedirect topics. The perceived stress scale pss is a classic stress assessment instrument. Three versions of pss pss14, pss10 and pss4 are available which comprise 14. The perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. Psychometric properties of the perceived stress scale pss peerj. The perceived stress scale pss is a globally used and selfreport scale measuring perceived stress.
Perceived stress scale pss can be a useful tool for measuring their stress. Perceived stress in a probability sample of the united states. This paper presents evidence from a heterogeneous sample of 440 spanish adults, for the reliability and validity of a european spanish version of the perceived stress scale pss, designed to measure the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful. Methods systematic literature searches of computerized. This anonymity prevented planning for assessing testretest reliability of. Perceived stress scale pdf the perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for. In such manner, pss is not only a measure to assess an extant of how a given situation might hurt.
Perceived stress scale 4 item the questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. A global measure of perceived stress wofford college. Pss10 scores are obtained by reversing the scores on the four positive items. Factor structure of the perceived stress scale pss in a. Individuals rate items on a 5point likert scale, ranging from 0 never to 4 very often.
However, the german version of the pss10 has not yet been validated. This scale is particularly well suited for the clinical assessment of selfreported stress. The pss is a 14item scale and is one of the most widely used psychological instruments for. The perceived stress scale cohen, kamarch, and mermelstein, 1983 the questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. The pss is a 10item questionnaire to measure the selfreported level of. Perceived stress scale by sheldon cohen the perceived stress scale pss is the most widely used psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. Perceived stress scale pdf perceived stress scale pdf perceived stress scale pdf download. The perceived stress scale cohen j health soc behav 24. The perceived stress scale is not a diagnostic instrument.
Perceived stress scale scoring each item is rated on a 5point scale ranging from never 0 to almost always 4. Perceived stress scale 4 pss 4 instructions the questions in this scale ask you about your feelings and thoughts during the last month. A global measure of perceived stress sheldon cohen carnegiemellon university tom kamarck university of oregon robin mermelstein university of oregon journal of health and social behavior 1983, vol. An assessment of the psychometric properties of the perceived. Perceived stress is a risk factor for poor sleep quality in ethiopian. Perceived stressors among college students in an american and. Another inventory that has been used to assess college students academic stressors is kohn and frazers 1986 academic stress scale, composed of 35 items that are individually compared to the stress of taking an exam. Psychological stress has been defined as the extent to which persons perceive appraise that their demands exceed their ability to cope. The 10item perceived stress scale is widely used to index subjective stress, and the statetrait personality inventory is a 30item questionnaire assessing anxiety, anger, and curiosity. Perceived stress scale 4 pss4 ohio nurses association. The perceived stress scale pss, created by the psychologist dr. Psychometric analysis of the tenitem perceived stress scale john m. The perceived stress scale was developed to measure the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful. Through this tool, we have found clients consistently lower their stress levels by half or more after completi.
In each case, please indicate your response by placing an x over the square representing how often you felt or thought a certain way. To translate the perceived stress scale versions pss4, 10 and 14 and to assess its psychometric properties in a sample of general greek population. Sheldon cohen in 1983, this 4, 10, or 14 point questionnaire assesses how in control of their lives subjects have felt over the last month. Pss is now one of the most popular psychological instruments and is widely used across the world. In each case, please indicate with a check how often you felt or thought a certain way. The perceived stress scale pss is a popular instrument measuring the. Perceived stressors among college students 87 the course and final. Psychometric properties of a korean version of the perceived stress. It was previously employed when collecting perceived stress levels over the phone during followup interviews.
The perceived stress scale 14 items cohen et al, 1983. Showing frequency and percentage of sample group on suicidal ideation. Stress was assessed by utilizing cohens perceived stress scale pss. Mothers who breastfed had significantly less perceived stress in the month preceding the test than did the those who bottle fed. A study of perceived stress, suicidal ideation and. Mitchell recommends the utilization of a single question which asks participants to rate their perceived stress on a 10point scale designed for use in both clinical and research settings, such as the visual analogue scale vas. The perceived stress scale is a way to quantify perception of stress. Sheldon cohen, is the most widely used tool in scientific research for assessing the perception of stress. It is a measure of the degree to which situations in ones life are appraised as stressful. For normative data from large us samples, see articles at right. Items were designed to tap how unpredictable, uncontrollable, and overloaded respondents find their lives. It is not a diagnostic instrument, but intended to make comparisons of subjects perceived stress related to current, objective events. Permission for use of the perceived stress scale i apologize for this automated reply.